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Estimation of Evapotranspiration for Onion Crop in Semi-Arid Region: Experimental Field Setup Using Lysimeter
Surendra Halasuru Jayaram,
Darshan Hebballi Thippeswami,
Gagan Boraiah Rajashekar,
Likith Raj,
Shreyas Gowda
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
1-5
Received:
4 October 2017
Accepted:
26 December 2017
Published:
18 January 2018
Abstract: In this work, Blaney-Criddle and Lysimeter method were applied to evaluate the actual evapotranspiration for onion crop in the semi-arid region of Chitradurga district. A reliable and accurate estimation of evapotranspiration are required for proper water balance and to define water-crop requirement. For this purpose, Lysimeter was set up in the field using three different soil layers of specific gravity 2.30. In this research work, an attempt is made to estimate daily evapotranspiration for onion crop, for which 1000ml of water was added on daily basis and corresponding percolation was observed to find the potential water balance deficit and surplus. Onion is a local crop of Chitradurga district having growth rate 90-120 days. For Blaney-Criddle equation, crop coefficient of 0.75 is adopted to estimate the actual evapotranspiration. This method was found to be simple and reliable to estimate the evapotranspiration in semi-arid region.
Abstract: In this work, Blaney-Criddle and Lysimeter method were applied to evaluate the actual evapotranspiration for onion crop in the semi-arid region of Chitradurga district. A reliable and accurate estimation of evapotranspiration are required for proper water balance and to define water-crop requirement. For this purpose, Lysimeter was set up in the fi...
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Study of the Behavior of Beam due to the Variation in Strength of Concrete and Steel Bars
Al Amin,
Md. Shamim Al Razib
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
6-10
Received:
29 October 2017
Accepted:
1 December 2017
Published:
19 January 2018
Abstract: RCC structures are primarily based with beams and columns. In general, the compressive strength of concrete and the yield strength of steel are specified in the design process. Compressive strength of concrete depends on a number of factors and generally shows some degree of variation from the desired strength. On the other hand, reinforcing bars with higher yield strength than that recommended in the Bangladesh National Building Code is available in the market and being used in construction. So, in practical cases, after casting the compressive strength as well as the tensile strength are not generally achieved as desired. Therefore, increase in yield strength of steel and decrease in compressive strength of concrete may have adverse effects on the flexural behavior of beams. This study includes the behavior of reinforced concrete beam due to this variation in strengths. This study shows that how certain beam behaves due to the variation of strength. Besides, reduction in ductility is also observed due to strength variation in the properties of the major constituent materials. A complete theoretical analysis along with some experimental investigation is presented in this paper.
Abstract: RCC structures are primarily based with beams and columns. In general, the compressive strength of concrete and the yield strength of steel are specified in the design process. Compressive strength of concrete depends on a number of factors and generally shows some degree of variation from the desired strength. On the other hand, reinforcing bars w...
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Cameroon-Nigeria Border Conflict Incidence on Trade Patterns and Dynamics Within Near-Border Settlements of the Bakassi Peninsula, Cameroon
Jude Ndzifon Kimengsi,
Zephania Nji Fogwe,
Nebota Catherine Mende
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
11-19
Received:
27 September 2017
Accepted:
14 October 2017
Published:
19 January 2018
Abstract: Historicity, geo-strategic and economic bearing has snatched the discourse on border environments from contemporary geographical literature. Yet, these environments have stoutly become hotspots for violent expression of conflicting entitlements to natural resources and socio-economic opportunities. The Bakassi Peninsula at West Africa’s lone gulf (of Guinea) which replicates par excellence, the combination of resource-space tussle and conflicting territorial claims and resolution approaches between Nigeria and Cameroon, has unravelled major trends and dynamics of commercial activities for communities within the area. Within this politically hotbed peninsula is Ekondo Titi, a commercial hub undergoing significant dynamics in the periods before, during and after the Bakassi Crisis, laid to rest by the Green Tree Accord whose political palliative was no economic panacea to the quantitative and qualitative trade responses in the area especially on the Cameroonian side. This study purposively sampled 100 respondents involving traders, farmers, council workers and other stakeholders in Ekondo Titi of Cameroon. A chi square analysis at 0.05 level of significance with a degree of freedom of 9, portrayed a significant association between commercial sector dynamics and border insecurity in Ekondo Titi especially as trade patterns assumed a three period pendula-like mood. Post crisis trends reveal an increasingly unaccounted and unofficial cash crop trade outflow towards Nigeria in the dearth of practicable road transport infrastructure, warehouses/storage tanks, and other domestic marketing infrastructure. Post crisis trade management exhibits the need for the government of Cameroon to set in robust confidence building measures while drastically enhancing on the transport and market infrastructure.
Abstract: Historicity, geo-strategic and economic bearing has snatched the discourse on border environments from contemporary geographical literature. Yet, these environments have stoutly become hotspots for violent expression of conflicting entitlements to natural resources and socio-economic opportunities. The Bakassi Peninsula at West Africa’s lone gulf (...
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Changes of Agricultural Land Uses in Rural Area and Causes Behind It: A Case Study of Kamargaon Union Under Tanore Upazila in Rajshahi District
Dulal Sarker,
Md. Abdul Wakil
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
20-26
Received:
20 November 2017
Accepted:
12 January 2018
Published:
23 January 2018
Abstract: Rajshahi District is a very high density of population and very high intensity of land use. In Rajshahi District per capita land is estimated to be only about 0.0526 ha. The Population growth rate is also high. For the high growth rate of population requires huge land for settlement and with the increase of population the demand of food also increases. For meeting the increasing food demand the land is using very intensively of this District. Every year the district is losing 0.47% arable land due to the population growth and its infrastructure development. This study was conducted on Tanore Upazila where the major focus was to see the changes of Rural Agricultural land uses and the causes of agricultural land use changes. For analyses both primary data and secondary data were collected. Primary data were collected by applying PRA techniques and secondary data were collected from published and unpublished data regarding crop, population and other sources. Results show that huge change in rural agricultural land uses take place in the study area and find some important causes of agricultural land use changes in rural area. Infrastructural development is the main causes of agricultural land losses. If proper steps would not be taken it creates great problems in near future.
Abstract: Rajshahi District is a very high density of population and very high intensity of land use. In Rajshahi District per capita land is estimated to be only about 0.0526 ha. The Population growth rate is also high. For the high growth rate of population requires huge land for settlement and with the increase of population the demand of food also increa...
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Urban Sustainability Concepts and Their Implications on Urban Form
Adenaike Folahan Anthony,
Ibem Eziyi Offia,
Balogun Rukayat Abidemi,
Oladunjoye Kola Gbolagade Kamoru
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
27-33
Received:
18 January 2018
Accepted:
3 February 2018
Published:
7 March 2018
Abstract: Since the middle of the 1980s, there has been a demand for urban centres to be more sustainable. City planners and administrators have had to lean towards the various city sustainability concepts in their schemes. The concept of “sustainable city” which became prominent as a progenitor for the others can still be deployed as the basis for most of the newer concepts. More recent concepts like “smart city” and “resilient city” have their essence in high technology and socio-environmental ideals that relate more with post-modern living. The urban form which is the most physical entity in the city is always evolving. The implementation of these concepts are likely to impact on the urban form in a way that may alter its organic or planned evolution. This study is a bibliometric survey of 5 of the urban sustainability concepts and their relevance in urban morphology. The paper analyses the core issues in each of the concepts and relates them to the aspects of the urban form they are more likely to alter with a view of how such effects may determine the morphology. The five city sustainability concepts for this research are easily the most common with reference to SCI and SSCI databases and are therefore more relevant to current research. They are sustainable city, smart city, eco-city, low carbon city and green city. Green city and eco city may result in less compact urban forms while the rest are explicitly supportive of more compact urban forms.
Abstract: Since the middle of the 1980s, there has been a demand for urban centres to be more sustainable. City planners and administrators have had to lean towards the various city sustainability concepts in their schemes. The concept of “sustainable city” which became prominent as a progenitor for the others can still be deployed as the basis for most of t...
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